Medicus 2013;22(2):97-102
102
LITERATURA
1. Global strategy for diagnosis, management and prevention of
COPD: Revised 2011. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive
Lung Diseases (GOLD) 2007 Dostupno na:http /
.
org Datum pristupa: 18. 4. 2012.
2. NIEWOEHNER DE, LOKHNYGINA Y, RICE K i sur. Risk indexes
for exacerbations and hospitalizations due to COPD. Chest
2007;131:20-28.
3. BURGEL PR, NESME-MEYER P, CHANEZ P i sur. Cough and spu-
tum production are associated with frequent exacerbations and
hospitalizations in COPD subjects. Chest 2009;135:975-82.
4. MIRAVITLLES M, GUERRERO T, MAYORDOMO C i sur. Factors
associated with increased risk of exacerbation and hospital ad-
mission in cohort of ambulatory COPD patients: a multiple lo-
gistic regression analysis. The EOLO Study Group. Respiration
2000;67:495-501.
5. HURST JR, VESTBO J, ANZUETO A i sur. Susceptibility to exa-
cerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J
Med 2010;363:1128-38.
6. KANNERRE, ANTHONISENNR, CONNET JE. Lower respiratory
illnes promote FEV1 decline in current smokers but not ex-smo-
kers with mild COPD. Results from the Lung Health Study. Am J
Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:358-64.
7. DONALDSONGC, SEEMUNGAL TAR, BHOWMIK A, WEDZICHA
JA. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung fun-
ction decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax
2002;57:847-52.
8. HAN MK, AUGUSTI A, CALVERLY PM i sur. COPD phenotypes:
the future of COPD. Am J Respir Crit care Med 2010;182:598-604.
9. SAPEY E, STOCKLEY RA. COPD exacerbations. 2: aetiology. Tho-
rax 2006;250-8.
10. SETHI S, MURPHY TF. Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchi-
tis: new developments concerning microbiology and pathophy-
siology - impact on approaches to risk stratification and therapy.
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2004;18:861-82.
11. SETHI S, MURPHY TF. Infection in the pathogenesis and course
of COPD. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2355-65.
12. SEEMUNGAL T, HARPER-OWEN R, BHOWMIK A i sur. Respi-
ratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute
exacerbation of stable COPD. AmJ Crit Care Med 2001;18:1618-23.
13. GUMP DW, PHILIPS CA, FORSYTH BR i sur. Role of infection in
chronic bronchitis. Am Rev Resp Dis 1976;113:465-74.
14. ROHDE G, WIETHEGE A, BORG I i sur. Respiratory viruses in
exacerbations of COPD requiring hospitalization: a case-control
study. Thorax 2003;58:37-42.
15. PAPI A, BELLETTATO CM, BRACCIONI F i sur. Infection and in-
flammation in COPD severe exacerbations. Am J Resp Crit Care
Med 2006;173:1114-21.
16. FALSEY AR, HENNESSEY PA, FORMICA MA i sur. Respiratory
syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults. N Engl J
Med 2005;352:1749-59.
17. HAMELINME, COTE S, LAFORGE J i sur. Human metapneumo-
virus infection in adults with community-acquired pneumonia
and exacerbation of COPD. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:498-502.
18. GREENBERG SB, ALLEN M, WILSON J, ATMAR RL. Respiratory
viral infections in adults with and without COPD. Am J Resp Crit
Care Med 2000;162:167-73.
19. PAPADOPOULOS NG, BATES PJ, BARDIN PG i sur. Rhinoviruses
infect the lower airwais. J Infect Dis 2000;181:1875-84.
20. MALLIA P, JOHNSTON SL. How viral infection cause exacerbati-
on of airway diseases. Chest 2006;130:1203-10.
21. ROSELL A, MONSO E, SOLER N i sur. Microbiologic determi-
nants of exacerbation in COPD. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:891-7.
22. NSEIR S, CAVESTRI B, Di POMPEO C i sur. Factors predicting
bacterial involvement in severe acute exacerbations of COPD.
Respiration 2008;76:253-60.
23. PRIETO A, REYES E, BERNSTEIN ED i sur. Defective natural
killer and phagocytic activities in COPD are restored by gly-
cophosphopeptical (Immunoferon). Am J Resp Crit Care Med
2001;163:1578-83.
24. MIO T, ROMBERGER DJ, THOMPSON AB i sur. Cigarette smoke
induces interleukin-8 release from human bronchial epithelial
cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997,155:1770-6.
25. BRESSER P, OUT TA, JANSEN H, LUTTER R. Airway inflamma-
tion in nonobstructive and obstructive chronic bronchitis with
chronic H. influenzae airway infection. Am J Respir Crit Care
Med 2000;162:947-52.
26. MIRAVITLLES M. Do we need new antibiotics for treating exa-
cerbations of COPD? Therap Advances in Respir Dis 2007;61-76.
27. SETHI S. Molecular diagnosis of respiratory tract infection in
acute exacerbation of COPD. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:S290-5.
28. WILSON R, JONES P, SCHALBERG T i sur. Antibiotic treatment
and factors influencing short and long term outcomes of acute
exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Thorax 2006;61:337-42.
29. TARPY SP, CELLI BR. Long-term oxygen therapy. N Engl J Med
1995;333:710-4.
30. STOLLER JK. Clinical practice. Acute exacerbation of COPD. N
Engl J Med 2002;346:988-94.
31. BACH PB, BROWN C, GELFAND SE i sur. Management of acute
exacerbations of COPD: a summary and appraisal of published
evidence. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:600-20.
32. BLACK PN, MORGAN-DAY A, McMILLAN TE i sur. Randomised,
controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acute exacer-
bations of COPD. BMC PulmMed 2004;4:13.
33. Advisory Committee on Immunisation Practicles. Recommen-
ded adult immunisation schedule: United States, 2012. Ann In-
tern med 2012;156:211.
34. ALBERT RK, CONNETT J, BAILEEY WC i sur. Azitromycin for
prevention of exacerbations of COPD. NEngl JMed 2001;365:689-
98.
35. SETHI S, JONES PW, THERON MS i sur. Pulsed moxifloxacin for
the prevention of exacerbations of COPD: a randomised contro-
lled trial. Respir Res 2010,11:10.
Prim. dr. sc. Neven Rakušić, v. znan. sur.
Zavod za respiracijske infekcije i tuberkulozu
Klinika za plućne bolesti Jordanovac
Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb
10000 Zagreb, Jordanovac 104
e-mail:
7. 3. 2013.
March 7, 2013
18. 4. 2013.
April 18, 2013
ADRESA ZA DOPISIVANJE:
PRIMLJENO/RECEIVED:
PRIHVAĆENO/ACCEPTED:
Rakušić N.